Case Study for 7-Eleven The Price Of Convenience - myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theCase Study Report for 7-Eleven The Price Of Convenience. Answer: Introduction 7-Eleven has established itself globally as an operator, licensor and franchisor of convenience stores(7-Eleven Australia, 2017). Currently, in Australia, it stands as the largest retailer, with regard to market share, in petrol and convenience; it has stores across various states such as Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia. Over the years employees have raised complaints with regard to wages and working conditions, particularly for migrant employees(Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The allegations were only a tip of the iceberg as, in 2015, an investigation by Four Corners and Fairfax Media revealed fraudulent bookkeeping, intimidation and mass underpayment of employees. The following report aims to analyse the legal and ethical issues arising from the scandal keeping in mind the effect of the ongoings on employees, the public and the overall corporation. An Evaluation of the 7-Eleven Ethical Dilemma Does the dilemma breach regulations/law? Employers are ethically and morally bound to ensure they pay fair wages and avail proper working conditions to their employees. The basis for remuneration in an organisation that aims to be ethical is distributive justice; this is proper distribution of economic benefits and burdens(Shaw Barry, 2016). Further, organisations like 7-Eleven have an ethical obligation to ensure employees throughout their franchise network are not subjected to exploitative practices(Hardy, 2016). As such, an employee should be adequately compensated according to the value they bring to the firm; the criteria set should be clear and should also abide by the conditions set by law. At the time the story broke out, the standard set minimum wage was 24 dollars an hour; the investigation, however, revealed that some workers were earning as little as 10 dollars an hour, with the highest earning 15 dollars an hour(Ferguson O'Brien, 2015). The Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) provides for maximum weekly hours as well as minimum wages that every employee is entitled to. Further, employees are entitled to other statutory awards and working conditions which the employer is obligated to provide. These obligations, under section 550 are also extended to a Franchisor who could be held liable if found to have aided or abetted conduct that contributes to a contravention of these provisions. The direct employers, that is the franchisees, are clearly liable for subjecting workers to forced long work hours that led to breach of their visa obligations and extensively underpaying and at times not paying them in order to gain profits. In its inquiry, the Fair Work Ombudsman was unable to find sufficient evidence to justify mounting a case against 7-Eleven under the provisions of section 550(Wheelahan Brooks, 2016). Due to the lack of sufficient evidence, the organisation could not be found legally at fault for the charges. However, this fi nding does not exonerate the organisation from its ethical obligation. It is evident that the model adopted by the company creates an environment where employers cannot operate profitably without breaking the law(Ryan, 2016). This serves as a clear ethical failure in terms of leadership. The Key Affected Stakeholders The most affected stakeholder in this case study is the employee, particularly student employees on Australian Visas. Strapped for cash and striving to make ends meet as they conduct their studies, the students appeared the most vulnerable target for exploitation(Ferguson O'Brien, 2015). Employees are a valuable asset as well as key stakeholders in any organisation; maintaining a healthy workforce secures the productivity and competitiveness of the organisation(Shaw Barry, 2016). Franchisors are another group of stakeholders affected by the dilemma. Additionally, the aftermath of the case affected the entire franchise as it has gained scrutiny from consumers and members of the public. Further, upcoming legal reforms are likely to affect the current business model. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that the case study in question presents an ethical dilemma with regard to leadership. In as much as the top management at 7-Eleven attempted to distance itself from the scandal, placing blame on individual franchisees, the investigation reveals that the illegal and unethical practices are widespread as a tactic to ensure profits are maintained. As such, the problem itself arises from the model set by the head company which creates an environment that makes compliance with rules and regulations and basic ethical obligations unfavourable to business performance. It is evident that employees were the most affected stakeholder and continue to be as they are subjected to long hours, underpayment and intimidation. References 7-Eleven Australia, 2017. Welcome to 7-Eleven Australia. [Online] Available at: https://franchise.7eleven.com.au/why-7-eleven.html[Accessed 29 September 2017]. Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016. A Report of the Fair Work Ombudsman's Inquiry into 7-Eleven, s.l.: Commonwealth of Australia. Ferguson, A. O'Brien, K., 2015. 7-Eleven: The Price of Convenience. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/4corners/7-eleven-promo/6729716 [Accessed 29 September 2017]. Hardy, T., 2016. Can 7-Eleven be trusted to clean up its own mess?. [Online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/can-7-eleven-be-trusted-to-clean-up-its-own-mess-59302[Accessed 29 September 2017]. Ryan, G., 2016. 7-Eleven Scandal an Ethical Failure of Leadership. [Online] Available at: https://planforpersonalsuccess.com/7-eleven-unethical/[Accessed 29 September 2017]. Shaw, W. H. Barry, V., 2016. Moral Issues in Business. 13 ed. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Wheelahan, F. Brooks, L., 2016. Stricter Laws for Franchisors? Responses to the 7-Eleven Wage Scandal. [Online] Available at: https://www.corrs.com.au/publications/corrs-in-brief/stricter-laws-for-franchisors-responses-to-the-7-eleven-wage-scandal/[Accessed 29 September 2017].

O Brother Where Art Thou essays

O Brother Where Art Thou essays In the film O Brother, Where Art Thou, the Cohen Brothers present to the audience a comedic adventure of three on-the-run jail mate hillbillies led by the hero, Ulysses Everett McGill (George Clooney), looking to reclaim a buried treasure. The story takes place back in the days of the Depression-era, Deep South around the 1920s in Mississippi. It is a comedy. The picture is filled with intellectual and witty satire, as well as twists and turns, humorously paralleling scenes and characters from Homers epic poem The Odyssey. In the movie, the Cohen Brothers use various elements to capture the attention of the audience. Just as any other directors attempt to do, they aim to draw the audience into the movie and catch the spirit of the southern, Mississippian, Depression-era hillbillies. In order to generate this affect, one of the key elements the Cohen Brothers use is language. More specifically, they use old-fashioned, southern idiomatic dialogue, which is not really used in todays contemporary dialogue. Yet, most are definitely familiar with it, which serves as the common base to carry out the affect. Just by listening to this southern-type language with its southern accents and all its slang, idioms, and euphemisms, the picture of vast countryside farms and cornfields, old-fashion cars, live-stock, dirt roads, and rednecks and hillbillies in overalls with severe farmers tan instantly comes to mind. Thus, everything becomes more of a reality. However, more importantly, with a whole lot of fresh w itty intellectual satire, there are plenty of laughs through this southern dialogue, which serve as the whole point of making the movie. It is a comedy. Of course the task was not plain and simple. The Cohen Brothers did their research. Throughout the entire picture, there are a countless number of slang phrases, idioms, and euphemisms used. Of course there ar ...

Caso de menores centroamericanos detenidos en frontera

Caso de menores centroamericanos detenidos en frontera La crisis de la frontera dejà ³ unos 70,000 menores centroamericanos detenidos por la Patrulla de Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), tras cruzar ilegalmente la frontera de Estados Unidos. Se estima que en el aà ±o fiscal 2015 el asunto de los menores que cruzan ilegalmente la frontera puede llegar a ocasionar a Estados Unidos gastos por importe de $2 billones (dos mil millones de dà ³lares). Por ley, cuando un menor de 18 aà ±os es detenido por la CBP su informacià ³n no se introduce en la base de datos en la que aparecen los nombres, nacionalidad y lugar de detencià ³n de los indocumentados que han sido arrestados. (Para saber si un adulto est detenido por Inmigracià ³n, aquà ­ est la base de datos en la que verificar). Tampoco se les envà ­a a los centros de detencià ³n donde estn retenidos los inmigrantes adultos.   En este artà ­culo se explica: Procedencia de los nià ±os (que determina en algunos casos quà © pasa inmediatamente despuà ©s de la detencià ³n)Razones por las que viajan a Estados Unidos (ya que algunas causas podrà ­an servir de base para una vez aquà ­ buscar una salida migratoria para poder quedarse legalmente)Lugar en el que se les da alojamientoDà ³nde encontrar ayuda legalQuà © pasa cuando se les envà ­a de regreso a su paà ­s  ¿De quà © paà ­ses proceden los esos nià ±os? Estos unaccompanied minors, como se les conoce en inglà ©s en el lenguaje de Inmigracià ³n, proceden principalmente de: HondurasGuatemalaEl Salvador De esos tres paà ­ses proceden el 74 por ciento de los menores arrestados. Y en menor medida, de Mà ©xico. Pero han llegado a la frontera menores de Asia (Sri Lanka) y frica (Tanzania). Para llegar a la frontera de Estados Unidos han viajado por semanas, e incluso meses, distancias que pueden superar las mil millas. El viaje est lleno de peligros extremadamente graves. Se ha documentado toda clase de abusos, como extorsià ³n, violaciones sexuales, violencia fà ­sica, secuestros, mutilaciones, prostitucià ³n, obligacià ³n para transportar drogas para traficantes e, incluso, asesinatos.  ¿Quià ©nes son esos nià ±os? En su mayorà ­a son varones adolescentes, pero se aprecia una tendencia con cada vez ms muchachas y nià ±os de ambos gà ©neros menores de 13 aà ±os. Se han dado casos en los que la CBP se ha encontrado a nià ±os de tan sà ³lo cinco aà ±os.  ¿Por quà © huyen de sus paà ­ses e inician un viaje tan lleno de peligros extremos hacia Estados Unidos? La razà ³n principal es la violencia, los nià ±os escapan de: las gangas (pandillas, gangs) y de su presià ³n para reclutarlos a ellos o a familiares.traficantes de drogas y toda la violencia que crean a su alrededor.situaciones de violencia domà ©stica grave Inician su camino hacia Estados Unidos porque creen que aquà ­ pueden encontrar una situacià ³n mejor y porque muchos de ellos tienen en el paà ­s a al menos un familiar (padre, padre, hermano, tà ­os, etc).  ¿Quà © sucede cundo la CBP los arresta? Si los detenidos son menores  mexicanos son, en casi todos los casos, enviados de regreso a su paà ­s en cuestià ³n de horas por un acuerdo binacional. Sin embargo à ºltimamente hay un cambio en esta polà ­tica para los jà ³venes mexicanos. Pero Estados Unidos no tienen ningà ºn acuerdo de este tipo con los paà ­ses de Centroamà ©rica. Por eso, cuando un menor de ese paà ­s es arrestado tras cruzar ilegalmente la frontera esto es lo que pasa: Queda en custodia de la CBP por unas horas o unos dà ­as. Si necesita asistencia mà ©dica, se le brinda.Pasa a estar bajo custodia del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de EEUU. A estos muchachos les acoge en centros destinados de la Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados (ORR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En la actualidad, hay 80 centros dedicados a alojar a estos menores, la mayorà ­a estn en los estados fronterizos, pero no siempre. Algunos de ellos estn gerenciados por organizaciones como Catholic Charities y SouthWest Key. Si estas instalaciones estn llenas, como ocurre ahora donde se est alojando aproximadamente cada dà ­a a 25,000 nià ±os, se recurre a barracones militares, como es el caso de la Base del Ejà ©rcito del Aire en Lackland, Texas. Los nià ±os estn atendidos, van a la escuela en las propias instalaciones pero no pueden salir, excepto por circunstancias excepcionales, como ir a consulta de un psicà ³logo o mà ©dico. Y lo hacen acompaà ±ados.En general los muchachos estn en estas instalaciones una media de 40-45 dà ­as (antes se estaba ms). A partir de ahà ­ la mayorà ­a -aproximadamente el 90 por ciento- pasa a estar en custodia de un familiar que se encuentre en Estados Unidos. Si no tienen familiar, pueden ir a Centros de Acogida para Menores (youth shelters, en cualquier parte del paà ­s).   Al ser menores de edad sus nombres no aparecen en la base de datos de personas detenidas por la CBP.  ¿Cul es la situacià ³n migratoria de estos menores y cules son sus opciones? Han entrado ilegalmente en Estados Unidos, por lo tanto, se inicia un procedimiento de deportacià ³n en su contra. Al cabo de 1-2 aà ±os la inmensa mayorà ­a acaba siendo deportado y enviado de regreso a su paà ­s de origen. Estos son los tiempos medios de demora para los casos ante Corte migratoria segà ºn el estado.  ¿Cà ³mo se puede luchar para que no se produzca la deportacià ³n? Se estima (no se sabe con seguridad) que aproximadamente un 40-50 por ciento de estos menores podrà ­a beneficiarse de alguna de las siguientes medidas: AsiloVisas para và ­ctimas de trfico humano o violencia criminal Programa de Estatus Especial de Inmigrantes Juveniles, conocido en inglà ©s como SIJ, para menores de 21 aà ±os no casados que han sido gravemente abusados y/o abandonados por sus padres o guardianesO alguna otra medida de alivio para la que puedan calificar Cuando estn bajo la custodia de ORR pueden tener contacto con organizaciones pro bono de defensa legal, con los que establecer contacto para el juicio de deportacià ³n. Pero un gran problema es que no todos los menores son contactados. Ni tampoco los familiares bajo cuya custodia quedan mientras se tramita todo el proceso de la deportacià ³n. Son situaciones legales complicadas para las que la mejor opcià ³n es contar con un abogado especialista en estos temas. Pero ni los nià ±os ni sus familias estn, en la mayorà ­a de los casos, en situacià ³n de pagar por un letrado. Y en corte de Inmigracià ³n, por ser un asunto civil, el gobierno no pone abogado de oficio a las personas que no pueden pagarlo. Sin embargo, sà ­ que convendrà ­a intentar buscar ayuda legal, en la forma de abogados pro bono. Se puede contactar con KIND (Kinds in Need of Defense), una organizacià ³n sin fin de lucro en Washington D.C. que puede poner en contacto a los menores con abogados que los pueden representar en corte sin tener que pagar, si no tienen medios econà ³micos. Si se est en la zona del Bajo Valle de Rà ­o Grande, se puede contactar con ProBar. O pedir una cita en organizaciones como Catholic Charities para ver si pueden hacer un referido a un abogado que trabaje pro bono en estos casos de menores que llegaron sin estar acompaà ±ados de adultos.  ¿Quà © pasa cuando el juez de Inmigracià ³n resuelve? Si se concede alguna medida de alivio, se pueden quedar en Estados Unidos. Hay que saber muy bien cul se concede ya que cada una tiene sus propias caracterà ­sticas, derechos y obligaciones. Si se ordena la deportacià ³n se les enviar de regreso a sus paà ­ses en vuelos de deportados.

Student loan vs bank loan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

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Crimnal Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Crimnal Justice - Coursework Example This might be plausible given the hip-hop war tension that was between the west and east coast. Poole believes the hit was organized by Reggie Wright. The other fact is that after the murder a called was placed to the police accusing a rogue LAPD officer Mack. Police found a gun that matches the one was the used to kill Biggie in Mack’s home. He had a Tupac Shakur shrine. Most witnesses claim the murderer wore a blue jacket that was common for the Crips that provided security for a company that B.I.G owed money. Another witness disputed this claim by saying B.I.G did not use many bodyguards. The witnesses who could support the prosecution case are the ones who gave testimonies on the killer wear blue caps. All the witnesses who could describe the murder very well should join prosecution. The informant who claims Suge Knight Order the hit and the one who believes LAPD officer Mack was responsible for the shooting. The witness who disputes the shooter being a real Muslim should on the prosecution. He says, â€Å"He dressed like a Muslim but he was not a Muslim, he was a cop.† The trial process for the murder of Christopher Wallace should take long. The trial will begin by the prosecution presenting evidence to support claims that the death of Christopher Wallace is connected to the hip-hop war and a rogue LAPD Officer. The prosecution would present witness that can give clear testimonies to dispute theories that involve drugs and Muslim shooting. The opening statement for the prosecution would go like this, â€Å"It is unfortunate that today we are here to seek justice for the murder of Christopher Wallace. I call upon this court to act to let the family of the victim feel and understand that justice is real. The case is surrounded by so much controversy, but I am certain my team will produce enough evidence to help the court make the right decision.† The prosecution should focus on asking questions that seek to

Ethical And Effective Practice With Service Users Social Work Essay

Ethical And Effective Practice With Service Users Social Work Essay Selecting an appropriate method of intervention is central to ethical and effective practice with service users. The aim of this essay is to define what is meant my method of intervention, explore the main factors which influence the worker when selecting a method and critically consider the role of partnership working and empowerment. Intervention is rarely defined. It originates from the Latin inter (between) and venire (to come) and means coming between (Trevithick, 2005: 66). Interventions are at the heart of everyday social interactions and make inevitably make up a substantial majority of human behaviour and are made by those who desire and intend to influence some part of the world and the beings within it (Kennard et al. 1993:3). Social work interventions are purposeful actions we undertake as workers which are based on knowledge and understanding acquired, skills learnt and values adopted. Therefore, interventions are knowledge, skills, understanding and values in action. Intervention may focus on individuals, families, communities, or groups and be in different forms depending on their purpose and whether directive or non-directive. Generally, interventions that are directive aim to purposefully change the course of events and can be highly influenced by agency policy and practice or by the practitioners perspective on how to move events forward. This may involve offering advice, providing information and suggestions about what to do, or how to behave and can be important and a professional requirement where immediate danger or risk is involved. In non-directive interventions the worker does not attempt to decide for people, or to lead, guide or persuade them to accept his/her specific conclusions (Coulshed and Orme, 1998: 216). Work is done in a way to enable individuals to decide for themselves and involves helping people to problem solve or talk about their thoughts, feelings and the different courses of action they may take (Lishman, 1994). Counselling skills can be beneficial or important in this regard (Thompson 2000b). Work with service users can therefore involve both directive and non-directive elements and both types have advantages and disadvantages (Mayo, 1994). Behaviourist, cognitive and psychosocial approaches tend to be directive but this depends on perspective adopted and the practitioners character. In contrast, community work is generally non-directive and person-centred. Interventions have different time periods and levels of intensity which are dependent on several factors such as setting where the work is located, problem presented, individuals involved and agency policy and practice. Several practice approaches have a time limited factor such as task-centred work, crisis intervention and some behavioural approaches and are often preferred by agencies for this reason. In addition, practice approaches that are designed to be used for a considerable time such as psychosocial are often geared towards more planned short-term, time limited and focused work (Fanger 1995). Although negotiation should take place with service users to ensure their needs and expectations are taken into account, it is not common practice for practitioners to offer choice on whether they would prefer a directive or non-directive approach or the practice approach adopted (Lishman, 1994). However, this lack of choice is now being recognised and addressed with the involvement of service users and others in the decision-making process in relation to agency policy, practice and service delivery (Barton, 2002; Croft and Beresford, 2000). The purpose and use of different interventions is contentious. Payne (1996: 43) argues that the term intervention is oppressive as it indicates the moral and political authority of the social worker. This concern is also shared by others with Langan and Lee (1989:83) describing the potentially invasive nature of interventions and how they can be used to control others. Jones suggests that in relation to power differences and the attitude of social workers especially with regards to people living in poverty: the working class poor have been generally antagonistic toward social work intervention and have rejected social works downward gaze and highly interventionist and moralistic approach to their poverty and associated difficulties (Jones, 2002a: 12). It is recognised that intervention can be oppressive, delivered with no clear purpose or in-depth experience however, some seek and find interventions that are empathic, caring and non-judgemental due to practitioners demonstrating rele vant experience and show appropriate knowledge (Lishman, 1994:14). For many practitioners, these attributes are essential in any intervention and are demonstrated through commitment, concern and respect for others which are qualities that are valued by service users (Cheetham et al. 1992; Wilson, 2000). Dependent on the nature of help sought there are different opinions on whether interventions should be targeted on personal change or wider societal, environmental or political change. Some may want assistance in accessing a particular service or other forms of help and not embrace interventions that may take them in a particular direction i.e. social action (Payne et al. 2002). In contrast, problems may recur or become worse if no collective action is taken. Importance has reduced in relation to methods of intervention over recent years as social work agencies have given more focus to assessment and immediate or short-term solutions (Howe, 1996; Lymbery 2001). This is strengthened by the reactive nature of service provision which is more concerned with practical results than with theories and principles. This has a reduced effect on workers knowledge of a range of methods resulting in workers using a preferred method which is not evidenced in their practice (Thompson, 2000). Methods of intervention should be the basis of ongoing intervention with service users, but often lacks structured planning and is reactive to crisis. This reactive response with emphasis on assessment frameworks is concerning, as workers are still managing high caseloads and if not supervised and supported appropriately, workers are at risk of stress and eventual burn-out (Jones, 2001; Charles and Butler, 2004). Effective use of methods of intervention allows work to be planned, structured and prioritised depending on service users needs. Methods can be complicated as they are underpinned by a wide range of skills and influenced by the approach of the worker. Most methods tend to follow similar processes of application: assessment, planning of goals, implementation, termination, evaluation and review. Although the process of some methods is completed in three/four interactions others take longer. This difference shows how some methods place more or less importance on factors such as personality or society, which then informs the type of intervention required to resolve issues in the service users situation (Watson and West, 2006). More than one method can be used in conjunction with another, depending on how comprehensive work with service users needs to be (Milner and OByrne, 1998). However, each method has different assessment and an implementation process which looks for different types of information about the service users situation for example, task centred looks for causes and solutions in the present situation and psychosocial explores past experiences. Additionally, the method of assessment may require that at least two assessments be undertaken: the first to explore the necessity of involvement and secondly, to negotiate the method of intervention with the service user. An effective assessment framework that is flexible and has various options is beneficial but should not awkward or time consuming to either the worker or the service user. As Dalrymple and Burke (1995) suggest, a biography framework is an ideal way as it enables service users to locate present issues in the context of their life both past and present. Workers should aim to practice in a way which is empowering and the process of information gathering should attempt to fit into the exchange model of assessment, irrespective of the method of intervention and should be the basis of a working relationship which moves towards partnership (Watson and West, 2006). As part of the engagement and assessment process, the worker needs to negotiate with the service user to understand the issue(s) that need to be addressed and method(s) employed and take into account not only the nature of the problem but also the urgency and potential consequences of not intervening (Doel and Marsh, 1992). Importance should be placed on presenting and underlying issues early in the assessment process as it enables the worker to look at an assessment framework and approach that assists short or long-term methods of intervention. An inclusive and holistic assessment enables the service user to have a direct influence on the method of intervention selected and be at the heart of the process. The process of assessment must be shared with and understood by the service user for any method of intervention to be successful (Watson and West, 2006). The workers approach also has an influence on method selection as this will affect how they perceive and adapt to specific situations. The implementation of methods is affected by both the values of the method and value base of the individual worker. The worker will also influence how the method is applied in practice through implementation, evaluation, perceived expertise and attitude to empowerment and partnership. Methods such as task centred are seen to be empowering with ethnic minority and other oppressed groups as service users are seen to be able to define their own problems (Ahmad, 1990). However, when an approach is used which is worker or agency focused the service user may not be fully enabled to define the problem and results in informing but not engaging them in determining priorities. Empowerment and partnership involves sharing and involving service users in method selection, application of the method, allocation of tasks, responsibilities, evaluation and review and is crucial in enabling facing challenges in their situations and lives. However, service users can have difficulty with this level of information-sharing and may prefer that the worker take the lead role rather than negotiating something different and not wish to acquire new skills to have full advantage of the partnership offered. Selecting a method of intervention should not be a technical process of information gathering and a tick box process to achieve a desired outcome. Milner and OByrne (2002) suggest it requires combining various components such as analysis and understanding of the service user, worker and the mandate of the agency providing the service otherwise intervention could be is restrictive and limit available options. However, negotiation and the competing demands of all involved parties must be considered and the basis of anti-oppresive practice established. Methods of intervention can be a complex and demanding activity especially in terms of time and energy and therefore, short-term term methods are seen as less intensive and demanding of the worker as well as more successful in practice. However, Watson and West (2006: 62) see this as a misconception, as the popular more short-term methods often make extensive demands on the workers time and energy. Workers are often dealing with uncertainty as each service user have different capabilities, levels of confidence and support networks. Therefore, there is no one ideal method for any given situation but a range of methods that have both advantages and disadvantages and as Trethivick (2005: 1) suggests workers need to have a toolkit to begin to understand people and need to widen the range of options available in order for them to respond flexibly and appropriately to each new situation (Parker and Bradley, 2003). When using methods of intervention, workers have to be organised to ensure that the task is proactively carried out and often attempt to prioritise involvement with service users against both local and national contexts and provide an appropriate level of service within managerial constraints. This prioritisation means in practice that, given the extensive demands, work using methods can only be with four or five service users at any one time and with the additional pressure of monitoring and supervising service users and reports, risk response is often responsive and crisis driven (Watson and West, 2006). To work in an empowering and anti-oppressive perspective is to ensure that intervention focuses clearly on the needs of the service user, is appropriate to the situation than the needs of the service. An understanding of these competing demands and the workers ability to influence decision-making processes does impact on method selection however, this should not mean that the service is diluted and methods be partially implemented as this is not conducive to managerial or professional agendas on good practice. Thompson (2000:43) sees this as the set of common patterns, assumptions, values and norms that become established within an organisation over time and a concern of workers is competitive workplace cultures where ability is based on the number of cases managed rather than the quality that is provided to service users which may result in use of less time-consuming methods. For work to be effective, an ethical and a professional not just a bureaucratic response to pressures faced is required and is not about the service user fitting into the worker or agencys preferred way of working but looking at what is best for the service user and finding creative ways to make this happen. Workers need to be careful not to seen as the expert who will resolve the situation as even the most established and experienced practitioners have skills gaps and often develop skills when working with the service users. This process of learning in practice requires good support and supervision, enabling the worker to reflect on assumptions about service users and their capabilities especially in relation to gender, race, age or disability to prevent internalised bias to impact on what the service user requires to work on to change the situation (Watson and West, 2006). It is crucial to appreciate the situation from the service users perspective and see them as unique individuals as Taylor and Devine (1993: 4) state the clients perception of the situation has to be the basis of effective social work. This concern is also shared by Howe (1987:3) describing the clients perception is an integral part of the practice of social work. Service users often have their own assumptions about what social work is and what workers are able to provide which is generally based on past relationships and experiences for example, black service users experience may reflect a service which in the past was not appropriate to their needs (Milner and Byrne, 1998: 23) but to alleviate this practitioners need to work in an open, honest and empowering manner and recognise that although service users may be in negative situations they also have strengths and skills that need to be utilised in the social work relationship. Workers should ensure that written agreements are developed that acknowledge all participants roles and responsibilities and avoid assumptions or issues (Lishman, 1994), this avoids breakdown in trust and encourages honesty and open shared responsibility between service user and worker. This involves negotiation on what should be achieved, by whom, including agency input. Agreements can provide the potential for empowering practice that involves partnership. However, cognisance has to be taken to ensure that the agreement does not become a set of non-negotiated tasks that service users have no possibility of achieving, combined with no reciprocal commitment or obligations by the worker as this does not address the issue of empowerment or oppression and can reinforce the power difference (Rojek and Collins, 1988). The final stage of the process is termination which should be planned and allow both parties time and opportunity to prepare for the future however, it has to be carefully and sensitively constructed and is much easier to achieve if the work has been methodical with clear goals as it demonstrates what has been achieved. Evaluation is beneficial as it enables the service user and worker to be reminded of timescales and can acknowledge the service users increasing skills, empowerment, confidence and self-esteem which can be utilised after the intervention has ended. Endings can however, be difficult for both the worker and service user resulting from various factors such as complexity of service users situation, issues of dependency and lack of clarity about purpose and intervention. This lack of clarity can result in a situation of uncertainty for both worker and service user (Watson and West, 2006). Finally, termination as part of the change process creates opportunities but also fea r, anxiety and loss (Coulshed and Orme, 1998). It is important for workers to take a step back and reflect on their practice and review their experiences to ensure that they are providing the best possible service in the most ethical and effective manner. Reflective practice provides support and enables workers to not just meet the needs of the organisation but also develop their own knowledge and skills and increased understanding of their own approach and the situation experienced by service users. A good tool to facilitate this is the use of reflective diaries. Reflecting in action and on action both influences and enhances current and future practice. The use of effective supervision is another process where workload management, forum for learning and problem-solving should take place which should be supportive and enabling to the worker (Kadushin and Harkness, 2002). However, the workers role in supervision is often viewed as passive as the supervisor sets the agenda. This can lead to disempowerment of the worker in relation to the agency and is potentially oppressive and discriminatory and provides a poor role model for work with service users and therefore consideration must be given on how they can create a positive and empowering relationship (Thompson, 2002). In conclusion, good practice requires workers to have knowledge to understand the person in situation, (Hollis, 1972) understanding both sociological (society and community) and psychological (personality and life span) and the interrelation and impact on the service user (Howe, 1987). A critical skill for effective and ethical practice is empowerment which is based on knowledge and values and is the difference between informing and genuine partnership and the importance of active participation of service users throughout the process. Social work is a value based activity and workers through reflection and supervision can all learn from experiences, adapt and enhance these to develop practice and gain self-awareness to understand how they themselves and their approach impacts on service users.

Kendrick lamar Essay

Kendrick lamar is a modern time rapper who expresses his opinions on judgement,drugs,money,love and fame through the form of music. Any song you listen too, he will always make you evaluate yourself and the world around you. Kendrick Lamar has the same effect as every other modern rapper effects. He changes the norms and values that teens will apply to their personal lives. Teens are affected this way because thats how the interpret his music. I interpret it a different way. He actually delivers messages through his music. Kendrick lamar is a modern time rapper who expresses his opinions on judgement,drugs,money,love and fame through the form of music. Any song you listen too, he will always make you evaluate yourself and the world around you. Kendrick Lamar has the same effect as every other modern rapper effects. He changes the norms and values that teens will apply to their personal lives. Teens are affected this way because thats how the interpret his music. I interpret it a different way. He actually delivers messages through his music. Kendrick lamar is a modern time rapper who expresses his opinions on judgement,drugs,money,love and fame through the form of music. Any song you listen too, he will always make you evaluate yourself and the world around you. Kendrick Lamar has the same effect as every other modern rapper effects. He changes the norms and values that teens will apply to their personal lives. Teens are affected this way because thats how the interpret his music. I interpret it a different way. He actually delivers messages through his music. Kendrick lamar is a modern time rapper who expresses his opinions on judgement,drugs,money,love and fame through the form of music. Any song you listen too, he will always make you evaluate yourself and the world around you. Kendrick Lamar has the same effect as every other modern rapper effects. He changes the norms and values that teens will apply to their personal lives. Teens are affected this way because thats how the interpret his music. IÂ  interpret it a different way. He actually delivers messages through his music. Kendrick lamar is a modern time rapper who expresses his opinions on judgement,drugs,money,love and fame through the form of music. Any song you listen too, he will always make you evaluate yourself and the world around you. Kendrick Lamar has the same effect as every other modern rapper effects. He changes the norms and values that teens will apply to their personal lives. Teens are affected this way because thats how the interpret his music. I interpret it a different way. He actually delivers messages through his music. Kendrick lamar is a modern time rapper who expresses his opinions on judgement,drugs,money,love and fame through the form of music. Any song you listen too, he will always make you evaluate yourself and the world around you. Kendrick Lamar has the same effect as every other modern rapper effects. He changes the norms and values that teens will apply to their personal lives. Teens are affected this way because thats how the interpret his music. I interpret it a different way. He actually delivers messages through his music. Kendrick lamar is a modern time rapper who expresses his opinions on judgement,drugs,money,love and fame through the form of music. Any song you listen too, he will always make you evaluate yourself and the world around you. Kendrick Lamar has the same effect as every other modern rapper effects. He changes the norms and values that teens will apply to their personal lives. Teens are affected this way because thats how the interpret his music. I interpret it a different way. He actually delivers messages through his music.